This paper is Jean Frazier and David Kennedy's contribution to CABF's series, Translation of the Scientific Evolution of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder.  The series presents the leading researchers' contribution to the field.  It describes the programmatic approach and direction of the labs, the seminal questions which drive their research, a listing of their most important findings and a summary of how their work impacts the field.   CABF is very grateful to Drs. Frazier and Kennedy for sharing their vision with our readers.